The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions.
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
| Baseline Rules |
With the building classification method, use the product of the lighting power density for the building classification from Appendix B and the floor area of the space. With the space-by-space method, use the product of the lighting power densities for the space-by-space from Appendix B and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. |
| Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device:
In addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
| Baseline Rules | The non-regulated interior lighting in the baseline building shall be the same as the proposed design. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional |
| Input Restrictions | The lighting schedule is prescribed for tax deductions. The lighting schedule is a default for green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR. For tax deductions, an appropriate schedule from Appendix C Tables 12-16 for the California 2005 ACM shall be used. For green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR, the default schedules are presented in Appendix C. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the same lighting schedules as the proposed design. The only exception to this rule is when the proposed design has a task/ambient lighting system. In this case the proposed design task lighting system may be controlled on a different schedule and the proposed design schedule proposed for the ambient lighting system is used for all the lighting in the baseline building. |
| Retail Display Lighting Power | ||
| Applicability | Display lighting in retail display and other space-by-space classifications | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. Its purpose is to enhance the visual appearance of the merchandise and not to provide lighting for a visual task. Display lighting is treated as use-it-or-lose-it in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. To qualify for display lighting, the lighting must be separately controlled from the general lighting.
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 defines four categories of display lighting:
|
|
| Units | W or W/ft² | |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. When display lighting is entered in the software, its purpose shall be defined (see the categories above in the definitions section). | |
| Baseline Rules | Baseline building lighting power is the lesser of proposed design power or the allowed power. The allowed lighting power is defined as the floor area of the retail display times the allowances in [bookref id="lighting-power-allowances-for-retail-display-lighting"]. | |
[table title="Lighting Power Allowances for Retail Display Lighting" id="lighting-power-allowances-for-retail-display-lighting"]
| ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 | ||
| Category | Allowed Power (W/ft²) | |
| Retail Area 1 | 1.0 | |
| Retail Area 2 | 1.7 | |
| Retail Area 3 | 2.6 | |
| Retail Area 4 | 4.2 |
| Decorative Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects that have decorative lighting and are rated using the space-by-space method |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Decorative lighting includes wall sconces, chandeliers and other decorative lighting that is provided for purposes other than illuminating visual tasks. The baseline standards treat this lighting as use-it-or-lose-it. |
| Units | W or W/ft2 |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for decorative lighting power is 0.0 watts/ft2. When using the space-by-space method, the user may input the power for qualifying decorative lighting using the decorative lighting power descriptor and cross-referencing the construction documents. |
| Baseline Rules | For the space-by-space method, decorative lighting power in the baseline building is equal to the lesser of the actual wattage of decorative lighting specified for the proposed design or 1.0 W/ft2. |
| Lighting Power for VDT Viewing | |
| Applicability | Tax deductions only (ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001 baseline) |
|---|---|
| Definition |
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001 provided additional lighting in spaces that are intended for use with video display terminals (VDT). This special allowance was eliminated with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 and only applies for the purpose of calculating tax deductions. In order for a space to qualify for the special allowance, the specified luminaires must have special optical characteristics that direct most of the light down and minimize light cast to the sides. Specifically, a qualifying luminaire must serve a VDT viewing task and provide a maximum luminance measured from the vertical of 80 candelas/ft2 at 65 degrees, 33 candelas/ft2 75 degrees and 17 candelas/ft2 at 85 degrees or greater. |
| Units | W/ft2 |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for VDT viewing is 0.0 watts/ft2 . The user may input qualifying lighting power for qualifying areas with cross-references to lighting schedules and spaces on the construction documents. A cut-sheet tabulating the candela distribution of the luminaires shall be provided. |
| Baseline Rules | The allowed lighting power for qualifying spaces is increased by 0.35 W/ft2 from the allowed values in Appendix B. |
|
Light Heat Gain Distribution |
|
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. This input may also be used to approximate the benefit of displacement ventilation (see Chapter 7). |
| Units | List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
| Input Restrictions | Default values listed in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
[table title="Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Operating Conditions" id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"]
Source: 3, Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
| Luminaire Category | Space Fraction | Radiative Fraction |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens | 0.64 to 0.74 (default 0.69) | 0.48 to 0.68 (default 0.58) |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire with lens | 0.40 to 0.50 (default 0.45) | 0.61 to 0.73 (default 0.67) |
| Downlight compact fluorescent luminaire | 0.12 to 0.24 (default 0.18) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Downlight incandescent luminaire | 0.70 to 0.80 (default 0.75) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Non-in-ceiling fluorescent luminaire | 1.0 (default 1.0) | 0.50 to 0.57 (default 0.53) |
| Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Automatic controls that are not already required by the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors. Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that will approximate the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). The types of controls that are recognized for credit are listed in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix G, Table G3.2 and shown below in [bookref id="power-adjustment-factors"]. |
| Units | List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | PAF is zero |
[table title="Power Adjustment Factors" id="power-adjustment-factors"]
| Automatic Control Device | Non-24-hour occupied buildings that are less than 5,000 ft² | Other buildings |
| Programmable timing control | 10% | 0% |
| Occupant sensor | 15% | 10% |
| Occupant sensor and programmable timing controls | 15% | 10% |
| Bi-level parking garage controls1 | 30% | 30% |
| Bi-level controls in hotel corridors | 20% | 20% |
| Scene controller with timeclock | 20% | 20% |
- 1Bi-level Smart LED Parking Garage Lighting, Public Interest Energy Research Program IOU Partnership Draft-Case Study
http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/images/_projects/demonstration/bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting/pier_demo_uc_csu_bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting.pdf
The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions.
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
| Units | W/ft² |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
| Baseline Rules |
With the building classification method, use the product of the lighting power density for the building classification from Appendix B and the floor area of the space. With the space-by-space method, use the product of the lighting power densities for the space-by-space from Appendix B and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. |
| Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device:
In addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
| Baseline Rules | The non-regulated interior lighting in the baseline building shall be the same as the proposed design. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional |
| Input Restrictions | The lighting schedule is default for green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR. For green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR, the default schedules are presented in Appendix C. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the same lighting schedules as the proposed design. The only exception to this rule is when the proposed design has a task/ambient lighting system. In this case the proposed design task lighting system may be controlled on a different schedule and the proposed design schedule proposed for the ambient lighting system is used for all the lighting in the baseline building. |
| Retail Display Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | Display lighting in retail display and other space-by-space classifications |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. Its purpose is to enhance the visual appearance of the merchandise and not to provide lighting for a visual task. Display lighting is treated as use-it-or-lose-it in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. To qualify for display lighting, the lighting must be separately controlled from the general lighting. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 defines four categories of display lighting:
|
| Units | W or W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. When display lighting is entered in the software, its purpose shall be defined (see the categories above in the definitions section). |
| Baseline Rules | Baseline building lighting power is the lesser of proposed design power or the allowed power. The allowed lighting power is defined as the floor area of the retail display times the allowances in [bookref id="lighting-power-allowances-for-retail-display-lighting"]. |
[table title="Lighting Power Allowances for Retail Display Lighting" id="lighting-power-allowances-for-retail-display-lighting"]
| Category | ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Allowed Power (W/ft²) |
| Retail Area 1 | 1.0 |
| Retail Area 2 | 1.7 |
| Retail Area 3 | 2.6 |
| Retail Area 4 | 4.2 |
| Decorative Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects that have decorative lighting and are rated using the space-by-space method |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Decorative lighting includes wall sconces, chandeliers and other decorative lighting that is provided for purposes other than illuminating visual tasks. The baseline standards treat this lighting as use-it-or-lose-it. |
| Units | W or W/ft2 |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for decorative lighting power is 0.0 watts/ft2. When using the space-by-space method, the user may input the power for qualifying decorative lighting using the decorative lighting power descriptor and cross-referencing the construction documents. |
| Baseline Rules | For the space-by-space method, decorative lighting power in the baseline building is equal to the lesser of the actual wattage of decorative lighting specified for the proposed design or 1.0 W/ft2. |
| Light Heat Gain Distribution | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. This input may also be used to approximate the benefit of displacement ventilation (see Chapter 7). |
| Units | List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
| Input Restrictions | Default values listed in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
[table title="Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Operating Conditions" id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"]
Source: 3, Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
| Luminaire Category | Space Fraction | Radiative Fraction |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens | 0.64 to 0.74 (default 0.69) | 0.48 to 0.68 (default 0.58) |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire with lens | 0.40 to 0.50 (default 0.45) | 0.61 to 0.73 (default 0.67) |
| Downlight compact fluorescent luminaire | 0.12 to 0.24 (default 0.18) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Downlight incandescent luminaire | 0.70 to 0.80 (default 0.75) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Non-in-ceiling fluorescent luminaire | 1.0 (default 1.0) | 0.50 to 0.57 (default 0.53) |
| Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Automatic controls that are not already required by the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors. Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that will approximate the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). The types of controls that are recognized for credit are listed in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix G, Table G3.2 and shown below in [bookref id="power-adjustment-factors"]. |
| Units | List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | PAF is zero |
[table title="Power Adjustment Factors" id="power-adjustment-factors"]
| Automatic Control Device | Non-24-hour occupied buildings that are less than 5,000 ft² | Other buildings |
| Programmable timing control | 10% | 0% |
| Occupant sensor | 15% | 10% |
| Occupant sensor and programmable timing controls | 15% | 10% |
|
Bi-level parking garage controls1 |
30% | 30% |
| Bi-level controls in hotel corridors | 20% | 20% |
| Scene controller with timeclock | 20% | 20% |
- 1Bi-level Smart LED Parking Garage Lighting, Public Interest Energy Research Program IOU Partnership Draft-Case Study http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/images/_projects/demonstration/bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting/pier_demo_uc_csu_bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting.pdf
The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions.
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
| Units | W/ft² |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
| Baseline Rules |
With the building classification method, use the product of the lighting power density for the building classification from Appendix B and the floor area of the space. With the space-by-space method, use the product of the lighting power densities for the space-by-space from Appendix B and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. When the room cavity ratio (RCR) of a space exceeds to thresholds listed in Appendix B, the allowed lighting power for the space may be increased by 20%. Corridors and transition spaces less than 8 ft in width quality for the 20% increase in allowed power. |
| Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
A factor that characterizes room configuration as a ration between the walls and ceiling and is based on room dimensions as follows:
|
| Units | ft² |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed. Default value is no adjustment to the allowed lighting power, e.g. the RCR is less than the threshold. |
| Baseline Rules | Not applicable for the baseline building, although Appendix B provides a threshold above which the allowed power may be increased by 20%. |
| Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device:
In addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
| Baseline Rules | The non-regulated interior lighting in the baseline building shall be the same as the proposed design. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional |
| Input Restrictions | The lighting schedule is default for green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR. For green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR, the default schedules are presented in Appendix C. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the same lighting schedules as the proposed design. The only exception to this rule is when the proposed design has a task/ambient lighting system. In this case the proposed design task lighting system may be controlled on a different schedule and the proposed design schedule proposed for the ambient lighting system is used for all the lighting in the baseline building. |
| Retail Display Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | Display lighting in retail display and other space-by-space classifications |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. Its purpose is to enhance the visual appearance of the merchandise and not to provide lighting for a visual task. Display lighting is treated as use-it-or-lose-it in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. To qualify for display lighting, the lighting must be separately controlled from the general lighting. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 defines four categories of display lighting:
|
| Units | W or W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. When display lighting is entered in the software, its purpose shall be defined (see the categories above in the definitions section). |
| Baseline Rules | Baseline building lighting power is the lesser of proposed design power or the allowed power. The allowed lighting power is defined as the floor area of the retail display times the allowances in Table 6.4.2-1. |
Table 6.4.3-1: Lighting Power Allowances for Retail Display Lighting
| Category | ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 Allowed Power (W/ft²) | |
| Retail Area 1 | 0.6 | |
| Retail Area 2 | 0.6 | |
| Retail Area 3 | 1.4 | |
| Retail Area 4 | 2.5 |
| Decorative Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects that have decorative lighting and are rated using the space-by-space method |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Decorative lighting includes wall sconces, chandeliers and other decorative lighting that is provided for purposes other than illuminating visual tasks. The baseline standards treat this lighting as use-it-or-lose-it. |
| Units | W or W/ft2 |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for decorative lighting power is 0.0 watts/ft2. When using the space-by-space method, the user may input the power for qualifying decorative lighting using the decorative lighting power descriptor and cross-referencing the construction documents. |
| Baseline Rules | For the space-by-space method, decorative lighting power in the baseline building is equal to the lesser of the actual wattage of decorative lighting specified for the proposed design or 1.0 W/ft2. |
| Light Heat Gain Distribution | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in Table 6.4.3-2 below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to Table 6.4.3-2 so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. This input may also be used to approximate the benefit of displacement ventilation (see Chapter 7). |
| Units | List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
| Input Restrictions | Default values listed in Table 6.4.3-2 shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of Table 6.4.3-2 may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
Table 6.4.3-2: Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Operating Conditions
Source: 3, Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
| Luminaire Category | Space Fraction | Radiative Fraction |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens | 0.64 to 0.74 (default 0.69) | 0.48 to 0.68 (default 0.58) |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire with lens | 0.40 to 0.50 (default 0.45) | 0.61 to 0.73 (default 0.67) |
| Downlight compact fluorescent luminaire | 0.12 to 0.24 (default 0.18) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Downlight incandescent luminaire | 0.70 to 0.80 (default 0.75) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Non-in-ceiling fluorescent luminaire | 1.0 (default 1.0) | 0.50 to 0.57 (default 0.53) |
| Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Automatic controls that are not already required by the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors. Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that will approximate the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). The types of controls that are recognized for credit are listed in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010, Appendix G, Table G3.2 and shown below in Table 6.4.3-3. |
| Units | List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | PAF is zero |
Table 6.4.3-3: Power Adjustment Factors
| Automatic Control Device | Non-24-hour occupied buildings that are less than 5,000 ft² | Other buildings |
| Programmable timing control | 10% | 0% |
| Occupant sensor | 15% | 10% |
| Occupant sensor and programmable timing controls | 15% | 10% |
| Bi-level controls in hotel corridors | 20% | 20% |
| Scene controller with timeclock | 20% | 20% |
The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions. It may also be desirable to define different lighting systems for spaces that are daylighted and those that are not.
The lighting power for the baseline building is determined through either the building area method or the space-by-space method. This is determined by the Building Classification building descriptor under Baseline Standard. Either one method or the other must be used for the entire model.
|
Regulated Interior Lighting Power |
|
|---|---|
|
Applicability |
All projects |
|
Definition |
Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
|
Units |
W/ft². This input will generally be derived from other inputs such as a luminaire count and luminaire schedule. |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
|
Baseline Rules |
ighting power in the baseline building shall be the Interior lighting power allowance (ILPA) determined through the procedures in the performance rating method (Appendix G) of Standard 90.1-2013-BM. The ILPA is the power needed to provide a uniform level of illumination throughout an area, exclusive of any provision for special visual tasks or decorative effect, exclusive of daylighting, and also known as ambient lighting. With the building area classification method, use the product of the lighting power density for the building classification from Appendix B and the floor area. With the space-by-space method, use the product of the lighting power densities for the space-by-space from Appendix B and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. |
|
Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power |
|
|---|---|
|
Applicability |
All projects |
|
Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device: a.Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments. b.Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer. c.Lighting specifically designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment. d.Lighting integral to both open and glass enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases. e.Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment. f.Lighting for plant growth or maintenance. g.Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs including visual impairment and other medical and age-related issues. h.Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions. i.Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as registered historic landmark interiors. j.Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage. k.Exit signs l.Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems. m.Lighting for theatrical purposes including performance, stage, film and video. n.Lighting for television broadcasting in sporting activity areas. o.Casino gaming areas. p.Furniture mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shut-off and complies with the Additional Control requirements in Section 9 of Standard 90.1. n addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
|
Units |
W/ft² |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
|
Baseline Rules |
The non-regulated interior lighting power in the baseline building shall be the same as the proposed design. |
|
Lighting Schedules |
|
|---|---|
|
Applicability |
All projects |
|
Definition |
Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
|
Units |
Data structure: schedule, fractional |
|
Input Restrictions |
The default schedules are presented in Appendix B and Appendix C. |
|
Baseline Rules |
The baseline building shall use the same lighting schedules as the proposed design with the following exceptions:
|
|
Light Heat Gain Distribution |
|
|---|---|
|
Applicability |
All projects |
|
Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in Table 3.4.3-1 below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to Table 3.4.3-1 so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. |
|
Units |
List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
|
Input Restrictions |
Default values listed in Table 3.4.3-1 shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of Table 3.4.3-1 may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
|
Baseline Rules |
The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
Table 3.4.3-1: Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Lighting Systems
Source: Based on Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
|
|
|
Ducted/Direct Return |
Plenum Return |
||
|
Luminaire |
Lamp |
Space Fraction |
Radiative Fraction |
Space Fraction |
Radiative Fraction |
|
Recessed with Lens |
Fluorescent |
1.00 |
0.67 |
0.45 |
0.67 |
|
Recessed/Downlight |
Fluorescent |
1.00 |
0.58 |
0.69 |
0.58 |
|
CFL |
1.00 |
0.97 |
0.20 |
0.97 |
|
|
Incandescent |
1.00 |
0.97 |
0.75 |
0.97 |
|
|
LED |
1.00 |
0.97 |
1.00 |
0.97 |
|
|
Metal Halide |
1.00 |
0.97 |
0.75 |
0.97 |
|
|
Not Recessed |
All |
1.00 |
0.54 |
1.00 |
0.54 |
|
Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) |
|
|---|---|
|
Applicability |
All projects that use the space-by-space method |
|
Definition |
Automatic controls that are not already required by the mandatory requirements of the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors (PAF). Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that approximates the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). For the Standard 90.1-2016 performance rating method, credits are offered only for occupant sensors and only for the spaces listed in COMNET appendix B. |
|
Units |
List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs from Appendix B |
|
Input Restrictions |
As designed |
|
Baseline Rules |
PAF for each space is zero |
For building descriptors related to exterior lighting, see Section 3.9.6 of this document.
| Lighting Classification Method | |
| Applicability | Each space in the building |
|---|---|
| Definition | Indoor lighting power can be specified using the building area method, or the space-byspace method. The procedure specified in Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.6.1 should be followed while determining applicable space types, and in Section 9.5.1 to determine applicable building types. |
| Units | List |
| Input Restrictions |
When a lighting system exists or a lighting system has been designed, it is not applicable. Where lighting neither exists nor is submitted with design documents: • Where space types are known, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the Space-by-Space Method (Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.6.1). • Where space types are not known, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the Building Area Method (Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.5.1). |
| Baseline Building |
Space by Space in accordance with Standard 90.1-2019 Table G3.7. However, where lighting neither exisits nor is submitted with design documents and the proposed design lighting power is determined according to the Building Area Method, the baseline building design lighting power shall be determined in accordance with Standard 90.1-2019 Table G3.8.
|
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power applications except Additional Lighting Power: Retail Display Lighting Power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts and task and furniture-mounted fixtures. |
| Units | Watts |
| Input Restrictions |
As designed. Where a complete lighting system exists or has been submitted with the design documents, the lighting system power is determined by applying the rules of Standard 90.1-2019 Section 9.1.3 and 9.1.4 to the existing or designed fixtures and equipment excluding the applications described in the Unregulated Lighting Power and Additional Lighting Power: Retail Display Lighting Power subsections below. The modeled lighting power in each thermal block must be based on the fixtures within each thermal block. For spaces without unregulated lighting power or additional lighting power, this input will be the same as the proposed building interior lighting power. For areas of the building where lighting neither exists nor is fully designed: • Where space types are known, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the Space-by-Space Method (Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.6.1) using the values in Table 9.6.1. • Where space types are not known, lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the Building Area Method (Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.6.1) using the values in Table 9.5.1. • For dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, and other spaces in which lighting systems are connected via receptacles and are not shown on design documents, lighting power used in the simulation shall be equal to the lighting power allowance in Standard 90.1-2019 Table 9.6.1 for the appropriate space type or as designed, whichever is greater. For the dwelling units, lighting power used in the simulation shall be equal to 0.60 W/ft2 or as designed, whichever is greater. However, lighting use can be reduced for the portion of the space illuminated by the specified fixtures provided that they maintain the same illuminance level as in the baseline. Such reduction shall be demonstrated by calculations. For additional guidance. Karpman 2019 provides additional guidance on modeling dwelling unit lighting. |
| Baseline Building |
Where the complete lighting system exists or have been submitted with the design documents, the modeled Lighting Power in each thermal block is the sum of the product of the LPDs for the space types from Standard 90.1-2019, Table G3.7 and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. For areas of the building where lighting neither exists nor is fully designed in the proposed building: • Where space types are known, baseline lighting power shall be determined using the values in Standard 90.1-2019 Table G3.7 as described above. The baseline 3.45 LPD for dwelling units shall be based on the LPD requirements as specified in Standard 90.1-2019 Table G3.7. • Where space types are not known, the baseline lighting power in each thermal block is the sum of the product of the area of the block and the LPD in the Building Area Method, Table G3.8 of Standard 90.1-2019. |
| Additional Lightning Power: Retail Display Lighting Power | ||||||||||||||||
| Applicability | All projects that have display lighting in retail spaces when using the space-by-space classification. | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. To qualify for display lighting under these standards, the lighting must be specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise and separately controlled from the general lighting. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 defines the following types of retail lighting: Table 13: Retail Display Lighting Allowance
The additional allowance is a base allowance of 1000 W and additional allowance based on the retail area type and the total area being illuminated.
|
|||||||||||||||
| Units | W/ft2 | |||||||||||||||
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. The user is required to specify the purpose for additional interior lighting power allowance through retail display lighting. These are then required to be classified in one of the four categories mentioned above in Table 13 | |||||||||||||||
| Baseline Building | The modeled Lighting Power in each thermal block in the baseline building is the sum of the product of the LPDs for the space types from Standard 90.1-2019, Table G3.7 and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. There is no additional allowance for display lighting in the baseline building. | |||||||||||||||
| Additional Lighting Power: Decorative Lighting | |
| Applicability | All projects that have decorative lighting for highlighting art and exhibits in galleries, museums and monuments, when using the space-by-space classification |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Decorative lighting is special that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments. To qualify for decorative lighting under these standards, the lighting must be specifically designed for the purpose of decorative appearance or for highlighting art or exhibits not exempted in Standard 90.1-2019 Table 9.2.3.1, Item 11. and separately controlled from the general lighting. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for decorative lighting is 0.0 watts. The user is required to specify the purpose for additional interior lighting power allowance through decorative lighting. |
| Baseline Building | The modeled Lighting Power in each thermal block in the baseline building Ther is the sum of the product of the LPDs for the space types from Standard 90.1-2019, Table G3.7 and the floor areas for the corresponding spaces. There is no additional allowance for decorative lighting in the baseline building |
| Unregulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
This includes power for lighting equipment and applications exempt from LPD requirements. However, these exceptions apply only to lighting systems that are an addition to general lighting and are controlled by an independent control device. Standard 90.1-2019, Section 9.2.2.3, exempts the following lighting systems from all requirements: f. Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments. g. Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer. h. Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment. i. Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases. j. Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment. k. Lighting specifically designed for the life support of nonhuman life forms. l. Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions. m. Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark. n. Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage. o. Exit signs. p. Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems. q. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film and video production. r. Lighting for television broadcasting in sporting activity areas. s. Casino gaming areas. t. Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff and complies with Standard 90.1-2019 Section 9.4.1.3(c). u. Mirror lighting in dressing rooms and accent lighting in religious pulpit and choir areas. v. Parking garage transition lighting—lighting for covered vehicle entrances and exits from buildings and parking structures—that complies with Standard 90.1- 2019 Section 9.4.1.2(a) and 9.4.1.2(c); each transition zone shall not exceed a depth of 66 ft inside the structure and a width of 50 ft. |
| Units | W/ft2 |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The unregulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for unregulated lighting power is zero. |
| Baseline Building | The unregulated interior lighting in the baseline building shall be the same as the proposed design. |
| Lighting Interior Power | |
| Applicability | All spaces or projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Interior lighting power is the power used by all installed electric lighting in each space |
| Units | Watts |
| Input Restrictions | Derived – not a user input. The proposed value includes all lighting and is the sum of the proposed Regulated Interior Lighting Power, Additional Lighting Power: Retail Display Lighting Power and Unregulated Interior Lighting Power |
| Baseline Building | The baseline value is the sum of the baseline Regulated Interior Lighting Power, the Additional Lighting Power: Retail Display Lighting Power and the Unregulated Interior Lighting Power. |
|
Automatic Interior Lighting Controls (including indoor parking garages) |
|
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Automatic interior lighting controls include automatic daylight responsive controls for sidelighting and toplighting, occupancy sensors, and programmable controls such as scheduled shutoff controls. Lighting controls included in Section 9.4.1.1 of Standard 90.1- 2019 are mandatory and must be included in the proposed building design. Modeling of daylighting controls is discussed in Section 3.4.4. Modeling of occupancy sensors and other automatic controls is accomplished as described below. |
| Units |
List: Control types : a. Occupancy Sensor with full automatic on All of the lighting is automatically controlled to turn on when occupants are detected and turn off within 20 minutes when no occupants are detected in the space b. Occupancy Sensor restricted to partial automatic on Between 50% and less than 100% of lighting is automatically controlled to turn on when occupants are detected and 100% of the lighting is turned off within 20 minutes when no occupants are detected in the space c. Occupancy Sensor restricted to manual on None of the lighting is automatically controlled to turn on when occupants are detected and 100% of the lighting is turned off within 20 minutes when no occupants are detected in the space d. Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for Sidelighting Refer to Section 3.4.4 for additional details related to daylighting controls. e. Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for Toplighting Refer to Section 3.4.4 for additional details related to daylighting controls. f. Scheduled Shut-Off All lighting in a space automatically shut-off when a space is scheduled to be unoccupied, using either a time of day control device or a signal from an automatic control device or security system. |
| Input Restrictions |
For each space in the proposed building indicate which control types from the list above are included and the wattage of lighting that is controlled. For spaces where lighting neither exists nor is submitted with design documents, mandatory controls as specified in Standard 90.1-2019 Section 9.4 shall be included. Credit for lighting controls other than daylighting controls is taken by decreasing the lighting schedule in the proposed building design according to the following. • Scheduled shut-off in buildings 5,000 ft2 or greater – no credit. • Scheduled shut-off in buildings < 5,000 ft2 – decrease lighting schedule by 10% for all hours in spaces without occupancy sensor controls. • Occupancy sensors with full automatic on – decrease the lighting schedule by the occupancy sensor reduction factor from Table G3.7 in each space with full automatic on occupancy sensors. • Occupancy sensors with manual on or partial automatic on - decrease the lighting schedule by the occupancy sensor reduction factor from Table G3.7 multiplied by 1.25 in each space with manual on or partial on occupancy sensors. • Occupancy sensors of any configuration controlling individual office work stations - decrease the lighting schedule by 30% for lighting with occupancy sensors controlling individual work stations in open office areas |
| Baseline Building | The lighting schedule for the baseline building shall be the same as proposed before lighting control credits described above are taken. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems hourly to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional (not exceeding 1.0) |
| Input Restrictions | Actual schedules are required to be used when available. For cases where design schedules are not available, an appropriate schedule from COMNET Appendix C (COMNET 2017) may be used. The schedules for the proposed building shall be modified according to Automatic Interior Lighting Controls and Daylighting Modeling Method |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the same lighting schedules as the proposed design, previous to any adjustments made for automatic lighting controls or daylighting controls. |
| Fixture Type | |
|---|---|
| Applicability | All interior lighting fixtures |
| Definition | The type of lighting fixture, which is used to determine the light heat gain distribution |
| Units | List: one of three choices: Recessed with Lens, Recessed/Downlight, Not in Ceiling |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | As designed |
| Luminaire Type | |
| Applicability | All interior lighting fixtures |
| Definition |
The type of lighting luminaire, which is used to determine the light heat gain distribution. The dominant luminaire type determines the daylight dimming characteristics, when there is more than one type of luminaire in the space. |
| Units | List: Linear Fluorescent, Compact Fluorescent Lighting (CFL), Incandescent, Light Emitting Diode (LED), Metal Halide, Mercury Vapor, High Pressure Sodium |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | As Designed |
|
Light Heat Gain Distribution |
|
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, summarized in Table 14 below. Typically the data will be linked to a list of common luminaire configurations similar to Table 14 so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. |
| Units |
List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations |
| Input Restrictions |
Default values listed in Table 14 shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. When lighting is entered through the LPD input, this value can be specified by the user for the proposed building. |
| Baseline Building | Same as proposed |
In this table, the Space Fraction is the fraction of the lighting heat gain that goes to the space; the radiative fraction is the fraction of the heat gain to the space that is due to radiation, with the remaining heat gain to the space due to convection.
Hence:
Return Air Fraction = 1 – Space Fraction
Fraction Radiant = Space Fraction x Radiative Fraction
The ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals does not distinguish between the short wave and long wave portions of the radiant fraction. For implementation using EnergyPlus (USDOE 2015), 100% of the radiant fraction is assigned to the long wave property in the tool (Field:Fraction Radiant), and the short wave portion (Field:Fraction Visible) is left as default, which is zero.
In addition, the only difference in implementation for fraction radiant vs. fraction visible is that:
• For the long wave portion, the heat absorbed by room surfaces is calculated as the long wave radiation multiplied by the thermal absorptance of the room materials.
• For the short wave portion, the heat absorbed is the short wave radiation multiplied by the solar absorptance of the room materials. For most materials, these values are close, i.e., for gypsum board thermal absorptance = 0.9 and solar absorptance = 0.7.
The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions.
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
| Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device:
In addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional |
| Input Restrictions | The lighting schedule is a default for green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR. For green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR, the default schedules are presented in Appendix C. |
| Retail Display Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | Display lighting in retail display and other space-by-space classifications |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. Its purpose is to enhance the visual appearance of the merchandise and not to provide lighting for a visual task. Display lighting is treated as use-it-or-lose-it in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. To qualify for display lighting, the lighting must be separately controlled from the general lighting. |
| Units | W or W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. When display lighting is entered in the software, its purpose shall be defined (see the categories above in the definitions section). |
|
Light Heat Gain Distribution |
|
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. This input may also be used to approximate the benefit of displacement ventilation (see Chapter 7). |
| Units | List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
| Input Restrictions | Default values listed in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
[table title="Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Operating Conditions" id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"]
Source: 3, Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
| Luminaire Category | Space Fraction | Radiative Fraction |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens | 0.64 to 0.74 (default 0.69) | 0.48 to 0.68 (default 0.58) |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire with lens | 0.40 to 0.50 (default 0.45) | 0.61 to 0.73 (default 0.67) |
| Downlight compact fluorescent luminaire | 0.12 to 0.24 (default 0.18) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Downlight incandescent luminaire | 0.70 to 0.80 (default 0.75) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Non-in-ceiling fluorescent luminaire | 1.0 (default 1.0) | 0.50 to 0.57 (default 0.53) |
| Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Automatic controls that are not already required by the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors. Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that will approximate the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). The types of controls that are recognized for credit are listed in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix G, Table G3.2 and shown below in [bookref id="power-adjustment-factors"]. |
| Units | List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | PAF is zero |
[table title="Power Adjustment Factors" id="power-adjustment-factors"]
| Automatic Control Device | Non-24-hour occupied buildings that are less than 5,000 ft² | Other buildings |
| Programmable timing control | 10% | 0% |
| Occupant sensor | 15% | 10% |
| Occupant sensor and programmable timing controls | 15% | 10% |
| Bi-level parking garage controls1 | 30% | 30% |
| Bi-level controls in hotel corridors | 20% | 20% |
| Scene controller with timeclock | 20% | 20% |
- 1Bi-level Smart LED Parking Garage Lighting, Public Interest Energy Research Program IOU Partnership Draft-Case Study
http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/images/_projects/demonstration/bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting/pier_demo_uc_csu_bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting.pdf
The building descriptors in this section are provided for each lighting system. Typically a space will have only one lighting system, but in some cases, it could have two or more. Examples include a general and task lighting system in offices or hotel multi-purpose rooms that have lighting systems for different functions.
| Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Total connected lighting power for all regulated interior lighting power. This includes the loads for lamps and ballasts. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The connected power should be cross-referenced to a space type and to the construction documents |
| Non-Regulated Interior Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Power for the following lighting equipment and applications are exempt from the baseline standards, provided they are controlled by an independent control device:
In addition, lighting is exempt that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation for reasons of safety or security. Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation is not considered. |
| Units | W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The non-regulated lighting power should be cross-referenced to the type of exception and to the construction documents. The default for non-regulated lighting power is zero. |
| Lighting Schedules | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Schedule of operation for interior lighting power used to adjust the energy use of lighting systems on an hourly basis to reflect time-dependent patterns of lighting usage. Different schedules may be defined for different lighting circuits, depending on the capabilities of the software. |
| Units | Data structure: schedule, fractional |
| Input Restrictions | The lighting schedule is a default for green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR. For green building ratings and Design to Earn ENERGY STAR, the default schedules are presented in Appendix C. |
| Retail Display Lighting Power | |
| Applicability | Display lighting in retail display and other space-by-space classifications |
|---|---|
| Definition |
Display lighting is special lighting to highlight merchandise. Its purpose is to enhance the visual appearance of the merchandise and not to provide lighting for a visual task. Display lighting is treated as use-it-or-lose-it in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. To qualify for display lighting, the lighting must be separately controlled from the general lighting. |
| Units | W or W/ft² |
| Input Restrictions | As designed. The default for lighting power for retail display wattage is 0.0 watts. When display lighting is entered in the software, its purpose shall be defined (see the categories above in the definitions section). |
|
Light Heat Gain Distribution |
|
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition |
The distribution of the heat generated by the lighting system that is directed to the space, the plenum, the HVAC return air, or to other locations. This input is a function of the luminaire type and location. Luminaires recessed into a return air plenum contribute more of their heat to the plenum or the return air stream if the plenum is used for return air; while pendant mounted fixtures hanging in the space contribute more of their heat to the space. Common luminaire type/space configurations are listed in Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, summarized in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] below. Typically the data will be linked to list of common luminaire configurations similar to [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] so that the user chooses a luminaire type category and heat gain is automatically distributed to the appropriate locations. This input may also be used to approximate the benefit of displacement ventilation (see Chapter 7). |
| Units | List (of luminaire types) or data structure consisting of a series of decimal fractions that assign heat gain to various locations. |
| Input Restrictions | Default values listed in [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] shall be used as a default when the luminaire categories apply. Values within the ranges of [bookref id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"] may be used when following the rules in the 2009 HOF. Other values may be used when manufacturers’ literature and/or testing data is available, and adequate documentation is provided to the rating authority. Where lighting fixtures having different heat venting characteristics are used within a single space, the wattage weighted average heat-to-return-air fraction shall be used. |
| Baseline Rules | The baseline building shall use the above referenced defaults. |
[table title="Light Heat Gain Parameters for Typical Operating Conditions" id="light-heat-gain-parameters-for-typical-operating-conditions"]
Source: 3, Table 3, Chapter 18, 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals
| Luminaire Category | Space Fraction | Radiative Fraction |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire without lens | 0.64 to 0.74 (default 0.69) | 0.48 to 0.68 (default 0.58) |
| Recessed fluorescent luminaire with lens | 0.40 to 0.50 (default 0.45) | 0.61 to 0.73 (default 0.67) |
| Downlight compact fluorescent luminaire | 0.12 to 0.24 (default 0.18) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Downlight incandescent luminaire | 0.70 to 0.80 (default 0.75) | 0.95 to 1.00 (default 0.97) |
| Non-in-ceiling fluorescent luminaire | 1.0 (default 1.0) | 0.50 to 0.57 (default 0.53) |
| Power Adjustment Factors (PAF) | |
| Applicability | All projects |
|---|---|
| Definition | Automatic controls that are not already required by the baseline standard and which reduce lighting power more or less uniformly over the day can be modeled as power adjustment factors. Power adjustment factors represent the percent reduction in lighting power that will approximate the effect of the control. Models account for such controls by adjusting the installed power by (1 – PAF). The types of controls that are recognized for credit are listed in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix G, Table G3.2 and shown below in [bookref id="power-adjustment-factors"]. |
| Units | List: control types (see above) linked to PAFs |
| Input Restrictions | As designed |
| Baseline Rules | PAF is zero |
[table title="Power Adjustment Factors" id="power-adjustment-factors"]
| Automatic Control Device | Non-24-hour occupied buildings that are less than 5,000 ft² | Other buildings |
| Programmable timing control | 10% | 0% |
| Occupant sensor | 15% | 10% |
| Occupant sensor and programmable timing controls | 15% | 10% |
| Bi-level parking garage controls1 | 30% | 30% |
| Bi-level controls in hotel corridors | 20% | 20% |
| Scene controller with timeclock | 20% | 20% |
- 1Bi-level Smart LED Parking Garage Lighting, Public Interest Energy Research Program IOU Partnership Draft-Case Study
http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/images/_projects/demonstration/bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting/pier_demo_uc_csu_bi_level_smart_led_parking_garage_lighting.pdf